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Generally, the 3 pumps used in excavators consist of 2 variable displacement piston pumps and a gear pump. The two main pumps supply oil at high pressure (up to 5000 psi, 345 bar) for the arms, swing motor, track motors and accessories while the third is a lower pressure (~700 psi, 48 bar) pump for pilot control of the spool valves this third circuit allows for reduced physical effort when operating the controls. Hydraulic excavators usually couple engine power to (commonly) three hydraulic pumps rather than to mechanical drivetrains. For example, Caterpillar's smallest mini-excavator weighs 2,060 pounds (930 kg) and has 13 hp their largest model is the largest excavator available (developed and produced by the Orenstein & Koppel, Germany, until the takeover 2011 by Caterpillar, named »RH400«), the CAT 6090, which weighs in excess of 2,160,510 pounds (979,990 kg), has 4500 hp, and a bucket as large as 52.0 m 3. The smaller ones are called mini or compact excavators. Modern hydraulic excavators come in a wide variety of sizes. ( February 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. Snow removal with snowplow and snow blower attachments.Drilling shafts for footings and rock blasting, by use of an auger or hydraulic drill attachment.Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver.Hydro excavation to access fragile underground infrastructure using high pressure water.Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining.Demolition with hydraulic claw, cutter and breaker attachments.Brush cutting with hydraulic saw and mower attachments.Digging of trenches, holes, foundations.Usage House demolition by an excavator in Invermere, British Columbia In the UK, wheeled excavators are sometimes known as "rubber ducks". Tracked excavators are sometimes called "trackhoes" by analogy to the backhoe. Another principle change was the direction of the digging action, with modern excavators pulling their buckets toward them like a dragline rather than pushing them away to fill them the way the first powered shovels did.Įxcavators are also called diggers, scoopers, mechanical shovels, or 360-degree excavators (sometimes abbreviated simply to "360"). All excavation-related movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, which replaced winches, chains, and steel ropes.
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The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels, being an evolution of the steam shovel (which itself evolved into the power shovel when steam was replaced by diesel and electric power). (30 seconds)Įxcavators are heavy construction equipment primarily consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house" - although the largest form ever, the dragline excavator, eliminated the dipper in favor of a line and winch.
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Type of construction equipment An excavator in Alicante, Spain Hydraulic excavator in action A Marion 111-M dragline excavator in action.